Law is a system of rules usually enforced through a set
of institutions.
Law affects everyday life and society in a variety of ways. Contract
law regulates everything from buying a bus ticket to trading
options on a derivatives market. Property law defines
rights and obligations related to buying, selling, or renting real
property such as homes and buildings. Trust law applies to
assets held for investment, such as pension funds. Tort law
allows claims for compensation when someone or their property is harmed.
But if the harm is criminalized, and the act is intentional,
criminal law offers means to prosecute and punish the perpetrator.
Constitutional law provides a framework for creating laws,
protecting people's human rights, and electing political representatives,
while administrative law allows ordinary citizens to challenge the way
governments exercise power. | |
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International law regulates affairs between sovereign
nation-states in everything from trade to the environment to military action.
"The rule of law", wrote the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle in 350 BC,
"is better than the rule of any individual."
Legal systems around the world elaborate legal rights and responsibilities
in different ways. A basic distinction is made between civil law jurisdictions
and systems using common law.
Some countries base their law on religious scripts. Scholars investigate
the nature of law through many perspectives, including legal history and
philosophy, or social sciences such as economics and sociology. The study of
law raises important questions about equality, fairness and justice, which are
not always simple. "In its majestic equality", said the author Anatole France
in 1894, "the law forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, beg in
the streets and steal loaves of bread." The most important institutions for
law are the judiciary, the legislature, the executive, its bureaucracy, the
military and police, the legal profession and civil society.
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